Gender issues of male-female communication - 14850 Words

Gender issues of male-female communication (Essay Sample) Content: Gender Issues of Male-Female Communication Name Institution Introduction Most misunderstandings between men and women are based on the difference between the emotional language to each gender and consequently, a better reading of mutual feelings should help us better understand ourselves. If men and women both share the same feelings, they are also capable of emotions they do not express the same way. Knowing the modalities of expression of each sex is the key to understanding the communication divide. It is possible to promote understanding, advising best the belief that emotions are the foundation of human communication and, in particular, the encounter with the other sex. The expression of emotions promotes emotional attachment or social ties. Since we are likely to be surprised by our lives and the other sex, we arrange the best of the situation. From laughter to tears, no emotion is an exclusive property of one or the other sex. Men and women differ less by the nature of what they feel. Emotional styles are related to sexual identity more strongly th an we thought before.[Paludi, M. (2008).The psychology of women at work challenges and solutions for our female workforce. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.] Here, we will mainly focus on differences in communication styles between men and women, stereotypes associated with male and female gender, and also their communication patterns, their psychological differences including how to understand men and women among other things. Psychological Gender Differences It would be unrealistic, and quite unscientific to believe that genetic, gonadal, hormonal, and brain differencescannot have any impact on the psychology and behavior of men and women. Men and women are equal, certainly, but different. ÂÂ   We have long known that the average intelligence subtests for women who deal with verbal skills is always greater than that achieved by men. Similarly, the average for men in intelligence subtests in regard to visuospatial skills is always higher than that obtained by women, on average because there will always be individual differences . This helps to explain the greater ease for women in verbal communication and language learning and ease for men to recover in time and space (read a map, for example). This does not mean that there is a quantitative difference between the two intelligences, but rather a qualitative difference. It is important to remember that these differences are in terms of statistical averages, not individual differences.[Conick, A. (2011). Holy misogyny: Why the sex and gender conflicts in the early church still matter. New York: Continuum.] ÂÂ   According Tanenbaum, there are four modes of perception of reality: physical modes, intellectual, emotional and spiritual (in the relational sense). While women can more easily navigate from one to the other method, men would be more comfortable in the physical and intellectual modes. Man, for example, will have sad or happy thoughts (cognitive) and express his feelings with his body (physical): the action is his priority. The woman, meanwhile, feels sadness and may even have emotions, without any reason, which is very difficult to understand for humans. While the man expressesfeelings the physical way (erection cathedrals) or mentally (theology and philosophy), the woman sees and describes his spiritual experience directly in emotive terms; the relationship between her and the environment is a priority, while the action on the environment would be that of man. Again, does it make a difference between the easily interchangeable gender roles and sexual function related to the nature o f man and woman?[Aries, E. (1996).ÂÂ  Men and women in interaction reconsidering the differences. New York: Oxford University Press.] ÂÂ  Instead of trying by every means to remove our differences, it will be better to understand them, respect them and use the information for the benefit of the couple, the family and society. On the contrary, our gender could thus become complementary, for it is natural. Gender differences in communication styles In perspective of self-development, it is interesting to pay attention to both these two aspects, sensory and understanding of the principles. Because both have their advantages and are complementary, it can be tedious or impossible to correct functional causes in certain circumstances. The communication styles of men It involves questioning and presenting a different point of view (being the devil's advocate). They have the desire to collect more information or to better understand the nature of the problem. They are direct, concise and authoritative to communicate decisions. Men desire to communicate effectively, enhance the functional hierarchy and show a sense of responsibility for decisiveness .They invade the space of the others; talk more in an authoritarian tone, pause, and set the mind to control the audience. They possibly desire to impress and establish respect and leadership.[Perry, L., Communication, L. (1992).Constructing and reconstructing gender: The links among communication, language, and gender. Albany: State University of New York Press.] They speak to find solutions, develop an action plan and are excited by removing frustration. Theyare driven by the desire to see concrete results and achieve objectives. Women's communication styles They express personal feelings and sense of vulnerability, complimenting others. They desire to establish the relationship, trust and cohesion. They have a tendency to stop and invite others to speak in turn unlike men. They desire to establish respect and balance structuring communication. They apologize or ask for help. Possibly they desire to show strength and confidence, as the context of the conversation might demand. They desire to establish a mutual understanding and support. They ask questions without using authoritarian language when in a position of authority. They also ask rhetorical questions to guide and influence. Women desire to create a climate of respect and collaboration, not to insist on hierarchical relationships and strengthen motivation and intrinsic work team.[Joffe, L. (2013). Gender, religion, family law theorizing conflicts between women's rights and cultural traditions. Waltham, Mass.: Brandeis University Press.] Understanding what makes men and women in everyday conversations will help you communicate more effectively, even if you are talking to an alien! Our ideas with respect to gender differences in communication styles are constantly changing and vary according to circumstances. For example, my brother grew up with three sisters and he was influenced by a female culture. By cons, my husband had brothers and sisters, and was raised in a multicultural area. His communication style was so flexible that it turned into a chameleon to adapt to different social contexts. While men seek to solve problems and to establish a hierarchy, women tend more to govern the intimacy and distance and preserve social cohesion (Flett, 2008). However, we are all influenced by social behavior, the complexity of a multicultural society, and other social factors, including economic realities. Considering all the factors that come into play, have a simple conversation is not necessarily that simple. The art of communication is paramount whether in interviews or in small groups at major meetings. But on this point, men and women are very different and do not express things the same way. We are in a different debate that is recurring on inequalities between men and women because we do not speak of inequality but rather differences, it seems necessary to understand and analyze these factors. It is already often difficult to communicate with people of different hierarchies, but when the kind of interlocutors becomes a new constraint, some messages do not go as they should. Men see the world as a hierarchy, and women see the world as a community Men seek to position themselves in a hierarchy, while women are more interested to understand and be understood. Specifically: in meetings, women will speak only if they have something they consider important to say. Men, in the meanwhile, will speak whatever happens. Similarly, women tend to seek membership with their hierarchy before acting. Men have a different behavior: they believe that it is easier to get forgiveness than permission. Finally, as a final illustration: women will tend to value or to give merit of the work that their team has done, in this way, people in the team will have more confidence. In these two behaviors, there is no "right" or "wrong" way to act, just a need to better understand the speaker. For man, the discussion has a specific goal. Behind every conversation lies a problem to solve, he seeks an effective way to find the origin of it as quickly as possible. For woman, the discussion can express her feelings and what she means. This involves a time for sharing that creates intimacy in the couple. This sharing allows her to get rid of negative feelings and move forward positively in the relationship. What to say? For man, efficiency and productivity exists in all areas, including discussion. When he tells a story, he usually organizes things in his mind and mentions only the details that seem important to him. He sometimes wonders why women talk so much and will not hesitate to interrupt his speech if he has enough arguments to respond to a problem. For woman, the discussion can explore and organize her thoughts. She needs to talk to identify excessive or unnecessary information but a woman does not always look for a solution to a problem when discussing it. Listening For man, listening is an active phenomenon. When in the middle of a discussion with a woman, he...

The Decline Of The Reformation - 867 Words

The fact that the Renaissance took place before the Protestant Reformation was not a coincidence. One of the major promoters of the Reformation was the availability of the Bible in the common language of the people throughout Europe. Another was the growing number of people who were able to read the Bible for themselves. Both the availability of printed material and the increasing literacy rates were direct consequences of the Renaissance and thus fostered the Reformation that followed. Without the events that took place during the Renaissance the Reformation may never have taken place. The Renaissance period was marked by a renewed interest in Classical culture, art, learning and science. The Reformation was a religious movement which challenged the authority of the pope and the Catholic Church, which until that time had been the only organized form of Christianity in Western Europe. The Reformation began when Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses, his list of grievances against the Catholic Church s practices, to the door of a church. Luther’s main disagreement with the Church was over indulgences, the sale by the Papacy of remission of penalties imposed by God on souls in Purgatory. He attached the theory behind indulgences that the Pope could make grants to the faithful from the treasure of merits accumulated by Christ and the saints over and above what they had needed for their own salvation. The grievances that Luther had with the Church had been greatly nurtured byShow MoreRelatedThe Decline Of The Reformation Essay2126 Words   |  9 PagesBefore the Reformation, Roman Catholicism dominated religious life across Europe, being the most predominantly practised religion since the 4th century. The Church in the 16th century was a very powerful institution, holding both religious and political influence. 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Effective Study Skills free essay sample

Why it is so hard to concentrate while studying, or even to study effectively? The hardest part of studying is concentrating on the material at hand. Memorizing everything is nearly impossible, but with a better understanding of effective memorization skills you can improve your memorization skills surely. Did you know that the most effective method of studying is to use notes, or note-cards? Some people actually have trouble taking notes, due to improper note taking methods. Although there are many different methods for effective study skills, there are three that have been proven to be the most effective: concentration, memorization, and ote taking skills. Have you ever found yourself reading a paragraph, and when you finish you think to yourself, What did I Just read? Well 10 and behold; it happens to the best of us. One proven method of concentration is to get yourself into a quite, but not completely silent to where you hear yourself think, environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Study Skills or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also if you will adjust yourself to where you are not slouching or hunching over, as these positions tend to make you ache or get sleepy. The next step is to read at a steady pace, not too fast to where you forget and not to slow to where you read the same thing over and If youre like me then you probably forget a lot of things you read on a daily basis. I sometimes find myself wishing I was like a computer and I could Just store anything and everything, except for viruses. We, as human beings, cannot and will not ever be able to remember everything; however we can remember key items, but only with the proper techniques. The key to remembrance is to review more than once, and take breaks in between your study sessions. Also be sure to prioritize what you plan to study and how you plan to conduct your study sessions. Another proven memorization technique is to take notes, which we will discuss next. Proper note taking is probably the hardest of the three steps, due to most people not knowing what to take note of. Many people can take notes great, but some have trouble knowing what to write down, or if the note they Just wrote is even note- worthy. Any form of note-taking that requires compilation of information by categories, rather than in narrative form is best done using index cards. Index cards are a life saver when it comes to taking notes, and the best part is you can use them for Q A, highlights, key points, or even paraphrasing. One of the best pieces of advice is that if the note doesnt sound note-worthy, its probably not. Effective study skills can mean the difference between an A and a B. In most cases it can make a world of difference in your school of choice or even your life long career decisions. Many people today think that they had it rough when they went through school, well in my young age, we too have it rough and the only way to stay on top is through self improvement. Just remember the next time you sit down for a study session; concentration is the key, memorization will help you unlock the door, and taking notes will hopefully keep you from forgetting to lock it behind you. Effective Study Skills By hahaitsmine

Sunjata And Fredrick Dougalss Essays - Frederick Douglass, Lecturers

Sunjata And Fredrick Dougalss KATRINA GRIFFIN 10/12/99 HUM 2011.4 PRO CHAMBERS RESPONDS ON SUNJATA AND FREDRICK DOUGLASS READINGS In the story ?The Guardian of the Word?, it shows how Africans Americans and modern post-colonial Africans are a like in rejection of history and traditional culture. The griot in the story was trying to explain the history and lineage to a young African boy when his teacher came and deliberately interrupted the lesson. The teacher regarded the griot's lesson as meaningless and trivial compared to modern day teachings. The teacher did not understand or want to understand the old traditional way and culture from whence he came. The teacher represents the African Americans ignorance of their culture, while the groit and boy symbolizes the old knowledge and desire to learn it. Moreover, it is important to know and remember one's past wither it be good or bad. If it is good, why not continue and let the future be as fruitful as the past? If it was a bad event, can a lesson be learned from it? One would not want to repeat a grievous incident because failure to acknowledged it happen before. For example, slavery for black people was a terrible act, so to pretend that such an event did not happen or became null to the causes that produces it, is a trap set for oneself. An ignorant person of his culture and history leaves themselves open to all the predators ready to devour, like a lamb without its shepherd. Besides, having a rich cultural memory makes one whole and strong. There is no doubt that anything can be conquered and tamed. There is a sense of passion for one's being, like the famous poem ?EGO TRIPPING ?I made the pyramids and the wonderful mystery of the Sphinx.? Is this not a marvelous history to remember? In respond to Fredrick Douglass, he becomes the master of his own fate and not his white overseer. He realizes his worth? ?Why should he be the butt?, quoting from ?The Souls of Black Folk?. Douglass certainly did not want to be ?invisible? anymore. In Nietzsche terms; Douglass uses the oppression and suffering to power him into the mind frame of being the master. He does not accept fear but gives it heartily to his overseer, which indeed changes his future relations with him. According to the writer, William Blake, one should always say what they are thinking or want changed. To act not is to murder your own being, mind, and proud history. Another writer, James Baldwin states ?man is forced each day to snatch his manhood, his identity out of the fire of human cruelty?if he survives the effort?he can teach, achieve own authority and that is unshakable?. This statement is clearly demonstrated in both stories (Sunjata and Douglass). Both people took control and authority of their life, which force everything to become subordinate and humble. That is the power of realizing ones proud history and self worth. English Essays

The Role of Bells Theorem in Quantum Physics

The Role of Bells Theorem in Quantum Physics Bells Theorem was devised by Irish physicist John Stewart Bell (1928-1990) as a means of testing whether or not particles connected through quantum entanglement communicate information faster than the speed of light. Specifically, the theorem says that no theory of local hidden variables can account for all of the predictions of quantum mechanics. Bell proves this theorem through the creation of Bell inequalities, which are shown by experiment to be violated in quantum physics systems, thus proving that some idea at the heart of local hidden variables theories has to be false. The property which usually takes the fall is locality - the idea that no physical effects move faster than the ​speed of light. Quantum Entanglement In a situation where you have two particles, A and B, which are connected through quantum entanglement, then the properties of A and B are correlated. For example, the spin of A may be 1/2 and the spin of B may be -1/2, or vice versa. Quantum physics tells us that until a measurement is made, these particles are in a superposition of possible states. The spin of A is both 1/2 and -1/2. (See our article on the Schroedingers Cat thought experiment for more on this idea. This particular example with particles A and B is a variant of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox, often called the EPR Paradox.) However, once you measure the spin of A, you know for sure the value of Bs spin without ever having to measure it directly. (If A has spin 1/2, then Bs spin has to be -1/2. If A has spin -1/2, then Bs spin has to be 1/2. There are no other alternatives.) The riddle at the heart of Bells Theorem is how that information gets communicated from particle A to particle B. Bells Theorem at Work John Stewart Bell originally proposed the idea for Bells Theorem in his 1964 paper On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox. In his analysis, he derived formulas called the Bell inequalities, which are probabilistic statements about how often the spin of particle A and particle B should correlate with each other if normal probability (as opposed to quantum entanglement) were working. These Bell inequalities are violated by quantum physics experiments, which means that one of his basic assumptions had to be false, and there were only two assumptions that fit the bill - either physical reality or locality was failing. To understand what this means, go back to the experiment described above. You measure particle As spin. There are two situations that could be the result - either particle B immediately has the opposite spin, or particle B is still in a superposition of states. If particle B is affected immediately by the measurement of particle A, then this means that the assumption of locality is violated. In other words, somehow a message got from particle A to particle B instantaneously, even though they can be separated by a great distance. This would mean that quantum mechanics displays the property of non-locality. If this instantaneous message (i.e., non-locality) doesnt take place, then the only other option is that particle B is still in a superposition of states. The measurement of particle Bs spin should, therefore, be completely independent of the measurement of particle A, and the Bell inequalities represent the percent of the time when the spins of A and B should be correlated in this situation. Experiments have overwhelmingly shown that the Bell inequalities are violated. The most common interpretation of this result is that the message between A and B is instantaneous. (The alternative would be to invalidate the physical reality of Bs spin.) Therefore, quantum mechanics seems to display non-locality. Note: This non-locality in quantum mechanics only relates to the specific information that is entangled between the two particles - the spin in the above example. The measurement of A cannot be used to instantly transmit any sort of other information to B at great distances, and no one observing B will be able to tell independently whether or not A was measured. Under the vast majority of interpretations by respected physicists, this does not allow communication faster than the speed of light.

An Analysis of Hong Kong Property Trend Dissertation - 1

An Analysis of Hong Kong Property Trend - Dissertation Example The first research method is the questionnaire method which was conducted on 498 subjects. The second research method was the interview method which was conducted on 16 subjects. The subjects of the research were investors and buyers of the Hong Kong property. With the research, the problem areas of this consistent price increase has been pointed out and the researcher has made plausible recommendations to resolve these issues. Government intervention has to be strengthened. Taxes, should be levied, supply of land has to be increased to meet the demand by auctioning government owned land, construction of compact and multi-storeyed buildings along with construction of reasonably priced accommodation schemes by the government in an attempt to control prices by satisfying demand. Moreover, property ownership laws should be stricter and resale of land should be time limited to help control the prices of Hong Kong property and to avoid a price bubble burst. Table of Contents Chapter1-Intr oduction 1.1 Chapter introduction 1 1.2 Introduction 1 1.3 Background 1 1.4 Problem Definition 2 1.5 Aims of the Research 3 1.6 Motivation of Author 4 1.7 fields of investigation 4 1.8 Hypotheses 6 1.9 Methodology and sources of the data in the research 6 1.10 Layout of the research report 7 1.11 Conclusion 8 Chapter 2-Literarture Review 9 2.1 Chapter Introduction 9 2.1.1 Residential market 9 2.1.2 Commercial real estate 10 2.2 PEST analysis 11 2.2.1 Political /Legal 11 2.2.2 Economic 12 2.2.3 Social factor 14 2.2.4 Technological factor 16 2.3 Porter Five Force analysis 18 2.3.1 Bargaining power of the buyers 18 2.3.2 Barging power of suppliers 19 2.3.3 Potential development of substitute products 20 2.3.4 Industry competitors (rivalry among competing firms) 20 2.3.5 Potential entry of new competition 21 2.4 BCG Matrix 22 2.5 SWOT analysis 23 2.5 1 Strengths 23 2.5.2 Weaknesses 24 2.5.3 Opportunities 25 2.5.4 Threats 25 2.6 Market analysis 27 2.6.1 Population increase 27 2.6.2 The M ainland Chinese buyers 28 2.6.3 Measures taken by the government 29 2.6.4 Other factors for price increase in the real estate 31 Chapter 3-Methodology 32 3.1 Chapter Introduction 32 3.2 Role of the Researcher 32 3.3 Methods 34 3.3.1 Subject description 34 3.4 Questionnaire Method 35 3.5 Questionnaire 38 3.6 Interview Method 39 3.7 Data collection and compilation 42 3.8 Trustworthiness of the method 44 3.8.1 Reliability 44 3.8.2 Validity 44 3.8.3 Ethical validity 45 3.8.4 Generalized validity 45 Chapter 4- Findings and result analysis 46 4.1 Introduction 46 4.2. Hypothesis 1- 46 4.3 Hypothesis 2- 52 4.4 Hypothesis 3- 57 4.5 Hypothesis 4- 62 Chapter 5- Conclusion and Recommendations 69 5.1 Chapter Introduction 69 5.2 Conclusion 69 5.3 Recommendations 75 5.3.1 Laws of reselling 75 5.3.2 Increase land supply 76 5.3.2.1 Auction government land 76 5.3.2.2 Multi-story buildings 76 5.3.2.3 Resolve property issues 77 5.3.3 Levy taxes on unused property 77 5.3.4 Decrease demand 77 5.3.4.1 Inc rease interest rate 77 5.3.4.2 Raise property ownership regulations 78 5.3.5 Limit on the amount of land owned 78 5.3.6 Appreciate property 78 5.3.7 Price ceiling 79 5.3.8 Undergoing more construction 79 5.3.9 Lack of market information 80 5.4 Limitations 80 Appendix 81 References 84 Chapter1-Introduction 1.1 Chapter introduction In this chapter, the introduction and the background of the research have been stated. The aims, objectives, hypothesis and an outline of the research h

LEUKEMIA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LEUKEMIA - Research Paper Example Leukemia, being a blood disorder, affects all systems of the body especially the respiratory, renal and digestive system. As a result of the less white blood cell count, the immune system deteriorates leaving the lungs, the kidney and the digestive tract less resistant to infectious diseases. On the other hand, the decrease of functional red blood cell results to decrease oxygen transport which leads to breathing problems, less effective body waste delivery and filtering in the kidneys and a protracted decrease in appetite due to bleeding in gums. Inflammation, damage and cancerous tumors in the lungs and kidneys have also been attributed to accumulation of leukemic cells. Leukemia is a disorder not yet well understood but the prevailing thought is that the production of abnormal cells in the bone marrow is due to mutations in DNA. Researchers believes that the risk for Leukemia is higher when the patient have one or a combination of the following: Leukemia detection can be definitive only through a routine blood test as there have been cases where chronic leukemia has been found with no prior physical indications. Nonetheless, individuals with leukemia usually suffer from the following: Patient presentation - Always feeling weak or tired, easy bruising and bleeding (dark skin patches or tiny red spots on skin), swollen lymph nodes especially in the neck, fever and night sweats and bone or joint pains. Cytogenetics- involves checking abnormalities in cell chromosomes to determine abnormality. For example, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is due to the Philadelphia chromosome, an abnormality in the cell’s chromosomes. Chemotherapy – is a drugs-based approach normally administered by vein or by mouth. Those with leukemia in their cerebrospinal fluid receive intrathecal chemotherapy which involves administering drugs in their spinal canal.